New labour’s rights policies on inclusive education and rights Essay Example for Free

New labour’s rights arrangements on comprehensive instruction and rights Essay To acknowledge points of interest and inadequacies of comprehensive instruction by and by we need to consider also whether childrens rights are seen inside the setting of incorporation just as to break down the fundamental arrangements of administrative instruments and legislative archives in regards to this circle. This will give us a superior understanding of what powers act during the time spent progress to comprehensive training seriously advanced by New Labor government and what impact they have upon youngsters beneficiaries. Universally, the UN Convention on the Rights of a Child has set up a close to worldwide accord concerning the base vital rights for youngsters: rights to arrangement, assurance and cooperation the 3 Ps (Pugh 2005, p. 4). The UK doesn't stand separated in worldwide procedures of giving all youngsters, including the most defenseless kids mind SEN, with the chance to practice these rights. Numerous spectators concede that the political decision and re-appointment of more youngsters cordial New Labor governments in 1997 and 2001 brought about noteworthy political advancement for childrens rights, as a broad scope of new strategies and laws influencing the lives of kids both straightforwardly and in a roundabout way have been declared (Foley et al. 2003, p. 38). They incorporate Health Action Zones, The Childrens Taskforce, The Childrens National Service Framework, The National Childcare Strategy, Early Years and Development and Child Care Partnerships, Quality Protects, Removing Barriers to Achievement, Sure Start, Every Child Matters and so on. (Pugh 2005, p. 1). In addition, a significant record was received in 2001 †another legal direction from New Labor Government Inclusive Schooling: Children with Special Educational Needs (DfES 2001) which sets out the primary standards of comprehensive instruction: with the correct preparing, techniques and bolster about all youngsters with uncommon instructive needs can be effectively remembered for standard training; comprehensive training administration offers greatness and decision and consolidates the perspectives on guardians and youngsters; the premiums of kids must be defended; schools, nearby instruction specialists and others ought to effectively try to expel obstructions to learning and support; all kids ought to approach fitting instruction that bears them the chance to accomplish their own latent capacity; standard training won't generally be directly for each kid constantly. Similarly, on the grounds that standard training may not be directly at a specific stage it doesn't keep the youngster from being incorporated effectively at a later stage. This record specifies that schools and nearby training specialists capacity to decline a standard spot for a kid with extraordinary instructive needs is seriously limited. They can reject a standard school spot to a kid on the off chance that it would be incongruent with the effective training of others; in any case, sensible advances must be taken to forestall that contradiction (DfES 2001). The Green Paper Every Child Matters further shows New Labors responsibility to change administrations conveyed to kids, particularly those with SEN, with the reason to give every one of them the chance to be sound, to remain safe, to have high scholastic fulfillments, to take part in life of network, appreciate and create, and to accomplish money related prosperity. The focal point of this report is on early mediation, evacuating the hindrances to learning †both physical and social, deterrent work and incorporated administrations for kids (DFES 2003). The last arrangement sensibly focuses on significance of transagency joint effort and coordination to accomplish better nature of administrations conveyed to youngsters out of luck. The utilization of synergistic joining among experts, offices, the youngster, and relatives, the utilization of the educational plan that centers around the communications between the student and his/her surroundings just as the foundation and utilization of interagency linkages to encourage the smooth mix of the kid in standard school are the most significant parts of this collaboration (Cheminais 2006, p.19). A critical theme in such approaches is equivalent worth and acknowledgment for individuals considered to be impeded, minimized and barred. Thoughts of youngsters secured patterns of individual and social hardship, barred, yet in addition self-barring, genuinely harmed and lacking certainty and aptitudes saturate these activities (Rieser 2000, p. 148). These lawful instruments, in undeniable reality, set up expansive social venture programs concentrating on accomplishing such significant results for all kids, incorporating those with SEN, as to guarantee them to be sound, to live in safe condition, to improve their scholastic accomplishments, to take part in full measure in public activity, appreciate and create, and to achieve monetary prosperity (DFES 2003). The administration has raised family wages by presenting a national the lowest pay permitted by law and through strategies, for example, the working families charge credit (Pugh 2005, p.8). The foundation of a Cabinet Committee on Children and Young Peoples Services, and a Children and Young Peoples Unit in the Department for Education and Skills (DfES), with a transmit to build up a cross-departmental way to deal with strategy just as directing the Children Fund with ? 450 million to assist with reducing youngster destitution and social prohibition (DfES 2003), offer further demonstration of government duties to kids. The presentation of the National Childcare Strategy and Quality Protects with its solid suggestion that nearby specialists choose a Childrens Rights Officer for took care of kids, joined with the foundation of the Social Exclusion Unit and various network activities, for example, Sure Start intended to help preschool kids, have expanded help to youngsters and their families, particularly in seriously impeded regions (Pugh 2005). Be that as it may, any survey of the Labor governments record must incorporate brickbats close by bunches. New Labor has decreased the quantity of youngsters in destitution as of late however the figures stay considerable for a nation which positions among the seven most industrialized countries on the planet (Corbett 2001, p. 67). Youngsters younger than 22, besides, are absolved from the grown-up the lowest pay permitted by law of ? 4. 10 (Rieser 2000, p. 154). The centralisation of instruction, the inconvenience of national educational plans and group tables and the privatizing of specific parts of training, are probably not going to advance childrens interest rights or give them a voice in the running of their comprehensive schools. Maybe most essentially, New Labors political decision has relapsed into a populist and dictator arrangement of measures, for example, curfews and electronic labeling. The Home Office, in addition, supported open impression of youngsters as boisterous, crazy and requiring approaches which stress regulation (Robertson 2003). To be sure, kids must be dependent upon the vital direction and order of grown-ups, yet they must be accomplices in this procedure †not simply aloof beneficiaries, on the off chance that we talk about genuine comprehensive tutoring. In established truth, legitimately, the paternalistic thought that the eventual benefits of the kid must be secured has progressively come to be enhanced by the rule that kids reserve a privilege to communicate their perspectives and have their desires considered in lawful choices which concern them (Cheminais 2006, p. 23). Specifically, the Children Act 2004 cautiously rides the separation between protectionist or paternalist and participatory rights. Its core value is that the childs government assistance is vital, yet the enactment likewise bolsters the rule that, where conceivable and suitable, the ascertainable wishes and sentiments of the kid concerned ought to educate choices (HMSO 2004, Part 2). In truth the legal executive keep on interpretting this last necessity moderately counting on paternalistic suppositions of childrens inadequacy (Robertson 2003). In this way, it shocks no one that Armstrong (2005, p.138) contends that a transformatory plan [of New Labor government] might be portrayed by the talk of progress as opposed to by any considerable change of qualities and practices. Besides, repudiating to its own proclaimed qualities concerning comprehensive training New Labor government sees extraordinary schools at the front situation of the more extensive instruction plan and underlines the need to perceive and esteem their commitment inside a structure of consideration (DfES 2003). Clearly continuation of isolated uncommon schools is negating human rights †genuine consideration can't occur in the unique school. As ongoing investigations on the patterns in the UK instructive framework show that he formalization of connections in training has been empowered by the developing inclination towards broadening the extent of bureaucratic mediation in the regular day to day existence of schools (Atkinson et al. 2002). Progressively, every part of training is exposed to govern making and controlled through assessment and inspecting. Because of an exceptionally incorporated arrangement of instruction oversaw by an interventionist administration little is left to risk (Foley et al. 2003, p. 112). It has been noticed that even elementary teachers are permitted minimal activity to practice their expert judgment. The national educational program rules the study hall and educators action is controlled by the need to react to the requests of government sanctioned tests and assessments (Thomas Vaughan 2004, p. 63). The development of bureaucratic control is advocated because it guarantees the support of guidelines of instruction (Armstrong 2005, p.141). While the effect of the normalization of instructing on the nature of training is far from being obviously true, its results on the connection between the various gatherings †instructors, understudies, nearby a

TBA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

TBA - Essay Example I experienced difficulty tuning in to the speaker that day. All things considered, I needed to recognize the boundary that impacted my absence of tuning in during the introduction. Error and connection to individual convictions and qualities were the two noteworthy boundaries to viable listening that day. Confusion is an essential driver of listening boundary during correspondence. As a rule, our idea constrain us to decipher messages in a way that was expected by the speaker (McPheat, 2011). Confusion frequently prompts misconstruing the speaker’s message and may straightforwardly prompt an absence of tuning in to the speaker. At the point when we add a translation to the speaker’s word, we present wellsprings of blunder in the correspondence. Error may have added to my powerlessness to tune in to the speaker on the preventive proportion of HIV/AIDS. As indicated by my translation, I felt that the speaker implied that forbearance is the best way to forestall the spread of the ailments. By and by, I realized that there were other potential measures too. The way that I interfered with the speaker wrongly prompted my absence of tuning in. I wound up doing other stuff, perusing my telephone as opposed to tuning in to the speaker. There specific realities about the speaker’s message that I confused. Right off the bat, the speaker implied that among the numerous conceivable preventive methodologies, restraint was the best. This doesn't imply that there are no different measures. Also, forbearance should the initial phase in guaranteeing we stop the spread of HIV/AIDS. Obviously the confusion contributed fundamentally to my failure to tune in to the speaker. In any case, there are specific methodologies that can help conquer error as a boundary to viable tuning in. In the event that I could have utilized these systems, at that point I would have fruitful beaten the issue of absence of tuning in. Building up the propensity for requesting

Global Public Policy Network (GPPN) Conference in Singapore COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Global Public Policy Network (GPPN) Conference in Singapore COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The following was contributed by Kristoffer Tangri, a second-year SIPA student from Germany pursuing a MIA degree with a concentration in International Security Policy. _____________________________ Eight students from SIPA are attending the 4th GPPN Student Conference titled “Crisis as Opportunity â€" What Policies Do We Need for Sustainable Development Today?” which takes place from November 11-13 at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy in Singapore. The GPPN brings together some of the worlds premier teaching and research institutions of global public policy. The wider partnership includes Columbia’s School of International and Public Affairs, the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, the Hertie School of Governance, the University of Tokyo, the London School of Economics and Political Science, and Sciences Po Paris. The conference takes places parallel to the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation’s CEO summit that attracts world leaders, including president Obama, to Singapore. Some of the key speakers during the first day of the conference include   the Secretary General of   ASEAN, Surin Pitsuwan, the president of the Inter-American Development Bank, Luis Alberto Moreno and   the well-known academic Kishore Mahbubani. To learn more about the event, please visit the conference blog.   SIPA offers dual degree and exchange programs with the partner schools, more information can be found on our website.

The Mona Lisa Illusion Art Collectors - 1838 Words

The Mona Lisa Illusion As one of the most renowned paintings of all time, the Mona Lisa, a half-length portrait of a woman painted by the Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci between 1503 and 1506, attracts millions of visitors to the Louvre each year. When seeing the painting, people interpret it differently. Does the smile reveal a mischievous smirk, a peaceful expression, or an empty heart? There is no set answer. For artists, being able to imitate the Mona Lisa demonstrates their solid artistic skills. For art historians, the creation process of the painting remains a controversial mystery. For art collectors, the Mona Lisa is a legend floating in their dreams. However, fame does not guarantee the painting’s place in the canon due to various pressures and changing values. Although the Mona Lisa is considered a masterpiece for its remarkable High Renaissance style and innovative sfumato technique, it should be removed from the canon of oil paintings for questionable authentici ty caused by theft and vandalism, and tenuous popularity gained from psychological and sociological mechanisms. The success of the Mona Lisa traces back to its polymathic creator, Leonardo da Vinci, who had enviable artistic talent. Born by a notable attorney and a peasant woman, da Vinci did not receive much education beyond basic reading, writing, and mathematical skills. As a teenager, he started apprenticeship with a sculptor and painter named Andrea del Verrocchio. Not only did da VinciShow MoreRelatedA Grand Chain Of Rebellion First Beginning Of The Renaissance Era2674 Words   |  11 Pagescities. The abundant sponsorship and income allowed artisans more freedom to indulge in the arts and humanities without worrying about their day-to-day existence, which led to a spurt in creativity by these artisans. During this time, Florence and neighboring Italian towns produced a group of artists who revolutionized art; historians refer to this period as a time of renaissance (rebirt h) in the arts—in particular, Jules Michelet, a 19th-century French historian, coined the word Renaissance toRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesManager: Becca Groves Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Cathleen Petersen Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik Art Director: Kenny Beck Text and Cover Designer: Wanda Espana OB Poll Graphics: Electra Graphics Cover Art: honey comb and a bee working / Shutterstock / LilKar Sr. Media Project Manager, Editorial: Denise Vaughn Media Project Manager, Production: Lisa Rinaldi Full-Service Project Management: Christian Holdener, S4Carlisle Publishing Services Composition: S4Carlisle

Mall Goers - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 442 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/09/12 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Mall Goers Just what goes into â€Å"having fun†? For many people, â€Å"fun† involves getting out of the house, seeing other people, having something interesting to look at, and enjoying a choice of activities, all at a reasonable price. Going out to dinner or to the movies may satisfy some of those desires, but often not all. But an attractive alternative does exist in the form of the free-admission public mall. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Mall Goers" essay for you Create order Teenagers, couples on dates, and the modest family can all be observed having a good time at the mall. Teenagers are drawn to the mall to pass time with pals and to see and be seen by other teens. The guys linger wearing their Nike tennis shoes, graphic T-shirts, name brand jeans, complete with their hat cocked to the side. The girls sashay thru wearing their high-heels shoes, revealing tank tops, with their arms full of bracelets wrapped around shopping bags. Traveling in a gang that resembles a wolf pack, the young thunder cats make the mall their hunting ground. Mall administrators have obviously made a decision to attract all this teenage activity. The kids’ raised voices, loud slang, and occasional shouted obscenities can be heard from as far as half a mall away. They come to â€Å"pick up chic,† to â€Å"meet guys,† and just to â€Å"hang out. Couples find fun of another sort at the mall. The young lovers are easy to spot because they walk hand in hand, stopping to sneak a quick kiss after every few steps. They first pause at a jewelry store window so that they can gaze at diamond engagement rings and gold wedding bands. Then, they wander into perfu me departments in the large mall stores. Finally, they drift away, their arms wrapped around each other’s waist. Then there are the Smiths, who visit the mall on Saturday morning and Sunday afternoon for inexpensive recreation. Hearing the music of the trains and video games, the daughter begs to ride in the red cart. Shouting â€Å"I’m Starving! † Jr. drags the family towards the food court, where he detects the seductive odor of pizza. Mom walks to the women’s clothing store, trying on anything she thinks she can fix. Meanwhile, Dad has wandered into the electronics and is testing out all the new technology asking questions on how things work. The Mall provides something special for every member of the family. Sure, some people visit the mall in a brief, short way, just to pick up a specific purchase or two. But many more are shopping for inexpensive recreation. The teenagers, the dating couples, and the simple family all find cheap entertainment at the mall.

Importance of Military Professionals Free Essays

Introduction Military History is not just a simple record of the past that needs to be forgotten. It contains information of life and death situations which provides learning experiences that might be useful in the future. The problem with our society is the little effort done to insure that the dissemination of key learning experience is provided to the general public. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of Military Professionals or any similar topic only for you Order Now Very little about military history is being studied and written, and if there are, they are studied by non-military historians that lacks the direct experience and in-depth understanding of military language. Problem Statement The purpose of this study is to explain the importance why military professionals should take some time to study military history. This study examines the need for military professionals to study military history as opposed to merely leaving these studies to non-military historians. The study also takes into account that military professionals have the extra time to spare for studies despite their busy schedule. Studies for Non-military Leaders There is a need for military professionals to study military history in order to generate study results that could be forwarded to non-military leaders who makes crucial decisions during wars or insurgencies. Non-military leaders can make better decisions in times of war if they are equipped with proper understanding of military history in the past. For example, in a cabinet meeting to plan the 2001 attack on Afghanistan, advisers argued against using American ground forces because of the nationalistic uprisings that resulted from the British invasions in the 19th century and the Soviet invasion of 1979 (Kagan, 2006). These were historical facts which were taken out of context. The Afghan leaders had been resisting the British invasion for decades. It is something that rooted from the past. In another case, the Soviet invasion was to support a hated government which was already facing a massive insurgency. The Afghans bitterly resisted both the British and the Soviet invasions because of their overtly imperialistic nature. Resistance to this form of invasions is definitely not surprising. The American troops, however, was removing an unpopular government, was known to impose democracy and were therefore greeted with support. They were taken as liberators as opposed to being invaders. Had the military history regarding Soviet and British invasions were studied properly, the advisers would have been armed with more realistic reasons to provide a good advice. Studies to Prevent Military from False Visionary Persuasion There are also cases where in because of the lack of understanding of military history, they are easily persuaded by non-military professionals to follow their directions without really knowing the bigger consequences. The tendency of non-military professionals to rely on fragments of the past military history to persuade the military is often a cause of tactical errors. A good example is when Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld cited the German experience in World War II, which showed, he argued, that a partially transformed military could revolutionize warfare (Kagan, 2006). He based his decision primarily on the idea that a partially transformed Wehrmacht with a handful of panzer divisions crushed Poland and France in 1939 and 1940. Rumsfeld’s failure to study the larger picture that the same Wehrmacht   failed to invade Russia in 1941, due primarily to its incomplete transformation. These sorts of looking into fragments of history without studying the totality of the military history had often led military into destruction. Just imagine the useless loss of lives that it can bring. Studies to Provide Military Professional Understanding  and Prevent Errors in the Past from Recurring The main purpose of studying the past is to prevent previous errors from occurring again. The recent US military takeover of Iraq is a good example. If we look at the present situation, many lives were lost already due to the continuing resistance of Saddam supporters. There are continuous attacks and bombing to US military personnel. It should be noted that this will go on forever until a government is properly reinstated and is able to re-institute reforms that would immediately uplift the economic conditions in Iraq. The US military are quite right about the tactics being employed by the Iraqi insurgents, they are using the methods employed by Lawrence of Arabia in 1916-18 against Turkish Rule. The US military believes that by defeating this one method, they will be able to end the ongoing insurgencies. â€Å"It’s the only tool the enemy really has left in order to be able to take us on and cause casualties,† Lt. Gen. James Conway, head of the Operations Directorate at the Joint Chiefs of Staff, told reporters in November (Bazzi, 2006). â€Å"And when we defeat that one method, you know, it’s over.† Lawrence would surely disagree with this statement. The military should have recognized that success of Lawrence will repeat again because they are exactly in the same situation. According to Lawrence, a small insurgency with mobility and natural cover would eventually wear down a foreign occupier. This statement is true, and the US military officials should have recognized that this is a no win situation if they will continue to fight the insurgency in the same manner. This is as if that they have never learned from the past, but rather they tried to go against the history. This is just one of the examples where military should have done an in-depth study of the past in order to prevent errors from happening again in the future. Conclusion It is therefore clear that there is a need for military professionals to study military history because of their understanding of the military language. One reason is to provide better understanding for non-military officials who provide critical decisions in times of war. Another reason is to insure that military professionals cannot be easily persuaded by visionaries using only fragments of the past military history to take incorrect actions. Finally to insure that military as a whole learns from their mistakes in the past. References Kagan, F. (2006). Why Military History Matters. Retrieved on January 14, 2007 from the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research   web site : www.aei.org/publications/pubID.24600/pub_detail.asp Bazzi, M. (2006). The lessons of Lawrence. Retrieved on January 14, 2007  from the News.com web site : http://www.newsday.com/news/nation How to cite Importance of Military Professionals, Essay examples

Automate School Management System Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Automate School Management System. Answer: Introduction Education system is a crucial factor to every nation in regards to development. It is a powerful tool in eradicating inequality, poverty and forms the basis of economic development. In this regard, governments are giving a lot of effort in the educational sector and advancement of school activities. For these school activities to be made simple and processes smoothen it is important to have an automate school management system in place. A typical school management system comprises of modules like record attendance, student registration, exam transcripts and report generation, time table preparation and other school management functions such as finance, human resource and so on. Automation is the use of technology to digitize activities of an organization in order to enhance effectiveness and efficiency. Digitization entails converting the manual activities like exam mark entry, report for preparation and many other activities in to computer processed activities. However, in many government schools, such systems have not been implemented and therefore, this proposal suits these schools. (ALBADRI, 2013) School Management Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is business process management system that allows a company to use a system of coordinated and integrated application module to manage the organizations functions and automate many back office activities related to services, technology, and human resources. (Gunasekaran Shea, 2010). Selection Process of ERP Application Accuracy and adherence to details are the only things to consider when selection an ERP software. Making the correct selection of an ERP system will enhance the schools operational activities because data-driven functions will be automated. Business can be damaged if implementation of ERP is not done in the correct way. Choosing a correct ERP application is no just about considering the features that will enable one to manage the organization processes but one has to go through a formal process explained below: Requirements Research- At this phase what the school desires from an ERP is established. This will aid in deciding if the system fits the school. Requirements Gathering- When assessing the school needs it should be noted that greatest advantages of ERP depend detailed analysis of data accurate and thorough reporting abilities and several process digitization functions. Assess the current school operations and the way ERP application will suit them. For instance, does the school require an automated system to support use of mobile phones. Consult with employees and especially the top management who can involve and motivate school workers in the implementation process. Do an analyses of how school operations could change as well as forms in which ERP abilities can enhance school management and operation. ERP Selection Considerations Based on System Requirements Enterprise resource planning (ERP) applications are very important tools to any institution and affect every part of the daily operations. ERP helps n controlling the day-day activities of an institution including record attendance, student registration, exam transcripts and report generation, time table preparation and other school management functions such as finance, human resource and so on. There are numerous ERP applications available in the market and it is very critical to any institution to make sure that they elect the right ERP for their daily operations. The following guideline will help one identify and choose the correct ERP system: Vendors reputation- the following aspects should be considered when contrasting ERP software and the various vendors that offer them to see if the can be the best choice for the institution: the changes that vendor has done to its organization in the recent years, the most current products of a vendor and what it desires to develop in the coming years, the length of time the vendor has been in the industry and the understanding it has about it, if the vendor has enough expertise in offering ERP solutions to institutions of the same type and size, the direction the vendor has for its business in future and if the vendor is likely to go on with it current models through the ERP platforms lifetime. (CRUZ-CUNHA, MIRANDA GONCALVES, 2013) Technologies Offered by ERP Solution- The following factors should be considered when comparing ERP or when performing processes of software selection: turnkey or customization of ERP solution in the company and exclusive organization processes, execution of technical requirements in an organization, scalability and adaptability of the solution in response to increasing number of users or in data, the swiftness of the product and its effect on the consumers, and possible assistance for multisite or multi-firms platforms working with multiple activities. Systems functionalities and usability- present challenges faced by an organization and which would be minimized with the ERP system should be considered. Also the ERP systemsabilitiesthat would lead to accomplishment, and the one to be used should be evaluated. If possible, a demonstration should be arranged to analyze the easiness of usability of the platform by consumers, and if the platform enables them to perform their daily duties. In addition, enquire on the existence of extensive documentation or availability of help documents to help users with challenges they face and determine the interface of ERP with client relationship management. Cost of ERP- evaluation of cost and appropriateness of the services it provides is very important. One should first find out if the cost is a one-time payment or it is a subscription that requires payment after some interval. From this the institution can decide if it can afford the system based on the cost and yearly maintenance and upgrade cost. After the cost assessment is complete, estimate of the system return will be worth more than the input cost. (FERRAN SALIM, 2008) The kind of support and training offered- The following factors should be considered when analyzing the training and support provided by the vendor: successful deployment of ERP by the vendor, organization processes that will lead to streamlined transition to the application of new system, availability of training to members of the company during and after process installation, and provision of in-house assistance or outsources to another organization. Vendor Selection Criteria Informal Enquiries- When choosing a vendor, the following should be considered: the vendors product should be working with existing systems, confirm if the vendor has enough experience in the particular field which will improve the success index of the system and make sure that the vendor clearly has your organizational needs fully in mind. (GRABOT, MAYE?RE BAZET, 2008) Technical Validation- Once the organizational requirements and request has been sent to the vendor, the school can now start comparing and contrasting the available ERPs in the market. Technical Evaluation Scorecards- Evaluation scorecards are very crucial factors when choosing an ERP system. They extensively and perfectly assess the functionalities of ERP systems and helps the school to narrow down it list of vendors. After the list have been narrowed, the school should request for live demos from the selected vendors. It is very crucial and necessary to see ERP system in action and it is logical that a reputable vendor wont hesitate on performing demo on their system. Apart from demos, ask for a documentation that describes how the ERP will meet the school operational and management needs. Some of the details that vendors should consider critically include: Implementation of Software Phases- It is said that approximately 61 percent of Enterprise Resource Planning implementation are lengthy than expected. Executing Enterprise Resource Planning software in phases will boost activities without interfering with the flow of business. It will also enhance training in different phases, as such most of the organization are able to operate ordinarily as one department or area is concentrates on acquiring knowledge on how to utilize and maintain the ERP. (KATS, 2013). Handling of Technical Problems-One bug can clear out a whole program. The organization should identify ways in which the vendor manages faults and service interference. If the dealer provides inclusive troubleshooting instructions, the organizations IT division can find solutions for problems without the assistance of the vendor. Training management- The organization should analyze two situations; the need to develop and offer training to it employees or provision of training by the vendor. The company should determine the cost of training. Success will be achieved if the cost of training is minimized and effectiveness is maximized. ERP software will benefit the organization if people learn how to use it in the right manner. Software and Hardware updates and replacements expenses-discovering any enclosed cost is one way of managing the expenses versus advantages of ERP software. During an ERP trial, the organization should determine the likelihood of hardware replacement and the time frame. Enquire on operations involved in so as to make decisions on whether to manage in-house or by the dealer. In addition, investigate the cost needed to update the software. (LEON, 2008) Software Features for inventory and logistics management- Several companies think that minimizing the total time that employees use on inventory and shipping occupation can significantly improve effectiveness. The organization should determine whether the software can provide warnings if inventory is stocked wrongly or if a specific item is low. It should also determine whether the software is able to automate calculation of the most cost- effective shipping methodologies based on the destination of the shipment. Human Resources Department Module- A perfect Enterprise Resource Planning will assist in monitoring an employee from day one of employment. Managing to access payroll, procedures and policies, training systems, and timesheets in a centralized place can maximize productivity of those in the human resources division. (MCIVOR, 2010) Mobile Capabilities of the Software- It is important for the ERP to be approachable away from the office if the organization functions in several offices or if sales staffs travel frequently. The easiness of mobile interface and the benefits acquired from this approachability should be evaluated. Enquire on the safety of the software when accessed from mobile gadget. Lifespan of an ERP- The average lifespan of an ERP is approximately 7 to 10 years. The organization should determine the durability of an ERP while working for the company so as to estimate cost for upgrades and growth prediction. ERP software can handle everything thats happening in several departments of an organization together using less manpower. During an ERP software trial, ensure right questions are asked to make sure that accurate capabilities needed by the organization are owned by the ERP. Contract Negotiation and Close- After choosing the vendor, quote acquisition, evaluation of the proposal and completion of case review, negotiation of the contract commences. Negotiations should be approached confidently, equipped with the business requirements, needed ERP effectiveness and financial limitation. This method allows easy identification and selection of the correct ERP system. Although this may take time and involves intensive labor, the selection process of an ERP may be profitable. Ways in which ERP Improves School Efficiency process Automation- achievement metrics and estimation are important in analyzing the progress of a business and also helps in creating future objectives. However, as an organization grows, it becomes hard to make manual calculations on profit ratios, sales margin, among others. ERP influences a magnitude of automation to the organization by permitting employees across the company to view shared information without necessarily maintaining manual records. This also allows creation of synchronized reports on major organization metrics. (PARTHASARATHY, 2010) Improved Workflow- Workflow is made better, all processes and access are simplified via user-friendly interfaces, staffs are enabled to acquire needed information for operations. ERP eases employees duty either through custom or standard reports extraction or formulation of presentation reports, thus maximizing productivity. Streamlining of Processes- The principle goal of any ERP is to merge all the operations of an organization into one platform. Several organizations face problems of data storage in multiple platforms and systems. Centralizing of data and creation of means of accessing the data influences greater effectiveness within a business (as well as adding to) data, ERP contributes to greater efficiency within a business structure. Simplicity in Business Accounting- an increasing business will fight with its accounting processes if they have either manual accounts or if the HR departments, accounting, finance and sales lacks access to shared information. Financial summary and daily accounting will specifically need more time and hard work which can be minimized with the application of ERP. Employment of ERP to merge and evaluate financial information will increase productivity of the employee and minimize delays. Organization Transparency in any organization, data and information are extremely important business properties. Safety and integrity of data is extremely essential to make sure that crucial organization information is handled and viewed by the right people. Although the data is managed safely, authorization on access of data should be granted to specific individuals in an ERP. Also, crucial data can be managed at a unified platform while updates to such data can be performed by one or more permitted individuals. As such, duty based system influences transparency and safety of ERP. (REYNOLDS, 2010) Elimination of Redundancies-One of the major challenge with a decentralized information management system is the constant appearance of repetitive data. Redundant data is information reproduced twice, which can cause to discrepancies and disorientation down the line. It's a common challenge with organizations that possess multiple information storage platforms and is a thing which can be corrected with the employment of ERP. ERP Security Risks Unpatched Software- failing to update software and applying patches is a safety issue, but ERP programs are at specific threats because complication reduces speed of both identification and employment of patches. Therefore, various ERP systems go unfixed. Poor Configuration- Another security threat is poor establishment and configuration of the ERP system. Many occasions, organizations permit free access for cyber-attack by establishing the system carelessly without acknowledging its security. Lack of knowledge that ERPs even newly deployed one have safety weakness that leaves organizations vulnerable to both external and internal risks. These exposures from improper configuration can involve unclosed ports, access parameter references that are open or concerns that come up from custom-code exposure built into a system. (SHTUB, 2009) Outdated user interfaces- due to long lifespans of ERPs the user interfaces remain dormant for a long time thus, the interface will look just the way it came from the vendor. It also doesnt blend in with the fast evolving technology and technique. It moves slow and makes it vulnerable to web Insufficient Access Controls- control access to data for manipulation is very important security mechanism in any ERP. It should only allow authorized users to access specific part of data and failure to this pose a major security threat to the school operation and any other business or organization. Denial-of-Service Attacks- when integrity of data is compromised the entire institution is compromised. Threats that may cause possible shut down of processes is the worst. Cyber criminals focus their energy to ensure that data is not available to an institution when the get access to the ERP application. Fraud- mischievous employees pose a noticeable threat to the ERP system like fraud. Fraud can differ from embezzlement of funds to adjusting working hours of employees. Enterprise planning tend to have a powerful outside defense but vulnerable internal security. (VAMAN, 2007) Mitigation of Data Security Risks Regardless whether you selected a desktop or cloud based ERP application, the crucial and the most important factor to keep is to ensure security of the host of all the institutional data and processes. For a desktop ERP system it is important to put in place a team that helps to maintain and manage the system while that of the cloud, it is the concern of the vendor. The ERP should support system logging so as to identify and detect any malicious activity within the system. That is, in case there is any unauthorized access then it would be easier to identify. (WORSTER, WEIRICH ANDERA, 2012) The technical team should conduct permission and rights review given to workers regularly. This is very important as it make sure that data is handle carefully and in the right manner by employees and is only accessible to authorized users Including security features such as network filtering as in the internet service provider and keeping an eye on the ordinary threats from both external and internal traffic will aid in decreasing the risks that the system face. Conclusion The school management ERP offers a number of advantages including; it helps the school management to raise their productivity level and minimizes time needed to manipulate school data. Secondly, it enhances interaction between students, teachers and other school stakeholders thus, reducing work load by a greater percentage. It facilitates digitization of paperwork resulting to meeting the objective of paperless governance. It facilitates communication and sharing of information among the various school departments and facilitate management of the institution from anywhere as the system is integrated as one. Full computerization enables implementation of informed decisions in coordinating the several school components like staff and student registration, generation of timetable, fee management, and so on. It enhances students to learn technology deeper and more crucial, for SaaS-based technology, it offers for expansion, modification, integration and coordination to makes sure that in stitutions are controlled and managed with the most sophisticated abilities. It aids to reduce expenditures and cut on man power needed and makes the school operation and processes really easy. By deploying the school management ERP software, the institution will aim at enhancing education quality, meet the aspired academic objectives within a defined period of time and cost criterion. The final objective or result is that all the stakeholders including school board, teachers, employees and students emerge out victorious Recommendations To increase the efficiency and effectiveness of school ERP, listed below are some of the recommendations: ensure that all the major stakeholders are engaged in making the institution improvement curriculums because education is the key to development. To ensure ease of information access from platforms such as web applications can be established further by including extra reports needed by the school management. Platforms as such will increase stakeholders taking part in decision making processes. Also the institution should consider hosting their ERP on a cloud-based platform. this is because cloud-base vendors and suppliers are well prepared when it is the issue to do with data security. This means that they make sure dedicated equipment, devices, and practices are all concerned with the security of the data they are handling. In case the school management is apprehensive on the cost of implementing and ERP system security, then I propose that they choose cloud-based ERP as it suits them best. References ALBADRI, F. A. (2013).Cases on enterprise information systems and implementation stages: learning from the Gulf. Hershey, PA, Business Science Reference. CARVALHO, R. A. D., JOHANSSON, B. (2012).Free and open source enterprise resource planning: systems and strategies. Hershey, PA, Business Science Reference CHETTY, N. G. (2016).The operational benefits of ERP adoption by third-party logistics organisations in South Africa. CRUZ-CUNHA, M. M., MIRANDA, I. M., GONCALVES, P. (2013).Handbook of research on ICTs and management systems for improving efficiency in healthcare and social care. CRUZ-CUNHA, M. M., MOREIRA, F., VARAJAO, J. (2014).Handbook of research on enterprise 2.0: technological, social, and organizational dimensions. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truescope=sitedb=nlebkdb=nlabkAN=752356. FERRAN, C., SALIM, R. (2008).Enterprise resource planning for global economies: managerial issues and challenges. Hershey, PA, Information Science Reference. GANESH, K. (2014).Enterprise resource planning: fundamentals of design and implementation. https://www.books24x7.com/marc.asp?bookid=76724. GRABOT, B., MAYE?RE, A., BAZET, I. (2008).ERP systems and organisational change: a socio-technical insight. London, Springer. Gunasekaran, A., Shea, T. (2010).Organizational advancements through enterprise information systems: Emerging applications and developments. Hershey, PA: Business Science Reference International Workshop on Software Measurement., Cuadrado-Gallego, J. J. (2008).Software process and product measurement: International conference, IWSM--Mensura 2007, Palma De Mallorca, Spain, November 5-8, 2007, revised papers. Berlin: Springer KATS, Y. (2013).Learning Management Systems and Instructional Design: Best Practices in Online Education. Information Science Reference. https://site.ebrary.com/id/10686605. LEON, A. (2008).Enterprise resource planning. New Delhi, Tata McGraw-Hill. Lui, K. M., Chan, K. C. C. (2008).Software development rhythms: Harmonizing agile practices for synergy. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley-Interscience MCIVOR, R. (2010).Global services outsourcing. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Paech, B., Rolland, C., International Working Conference on Requirements Engineering, REFSQ. (2008).Requirements engineering: foundation for software quality: 14th international working conference, REFSQ 2008, Montpellier, France, June 16-17, 2008 : proceedings. Berlin [etc.: SpringerLink PARTHASARATHY, S. (2010).Enterprise information systems and implementing IT infrastructures: challenges and issues. Hershey, PA, Business Science Reference. Ray, R. (2011).Enterprise resource planning. New Delhi: TATA McGraw Hill Education. REYNOLDS, G. W. (2010).Information technology for managers. Boston, MA, Course Technology, Cengage Learning. RO?THLIN, M. (2010).Management of data quality in enterprise resource planning systems. Lohmar-Ko?ln, Eul. SHTUB, A. (2009).Enterprise resource planning (ERP) the dynamics of operations management. Boston, Kluwer Academic. Stair, R. M., Reynolds, G. W. (2008).Principles of information systems: A managerial approach. Boston, Mass: Thomson/Course Technology. VAMAN, J. N. (2007).ERP in practice: ERP strategies for steering organizational competence and competitive advantage. New Delhi, Tata McGraw-Hill Pub. Co. VINNICHENKO, S., BRUCH, M. (2007).Comparative analysis of enterprise resource planning systems in Russia and Sweden. Mu?nchen, GRIN Verlag GmbH. https://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-201008188496. WORSTER, A. J., WEIRICH, T. R., ANDERA, F. J. C. (2012).Maximizing Return on Investment Using ERP Applications. Somerset, Wiley.

Euthanasia Essays (1687 words) - Euthanasia, Medical Ethics

Euthanasia Euthanasia, is one of the most controversial issues of our time. This diver se issue raises many questions such as: how should decisions be made, and by whom? What should be determined as a matter of law and what left a matter of discretion and judgment? Should those who want to die, or who are in a "persistent vegetative state" be allowed to die voluntarily? Who should decide: the patient, the physician, the courts, or the families? The pro-euthanasia arguments turn on the individual case of the patient in pain, suffering at the center of an intolerable existence. When life becomes nbearable, quick death can be the answer. If living persons become so ill that they cannot tolerate the pain they have a "right to die" to an escape from torment. So long as the right to die means not prolonging the life by undesireable treatment, it may be classified as rational suicide. The term "euthanasia" means "good health" or "well dying"; it is derived from the Greek "eu" and "thanatos". In its classical sense, it is a descriptive term referring to an easy death as opposed to an agonizing or tormented dying. In Greek literature, euthanasia connoted a "happy death, an ideal and coveted end to a full and pleasant life." The concern to die well is as old as humanity itself, for the questions surrounding death belong to the essence of being human. All people die, but apparently only people know they are to die. They live with the truth that life is under the sentence of death. Thus, from the "beginning of the species concern with how one dies has been an implicit part of the human attempt to come to terms with death." (Paul D. Simmons, 112) There is still a question involved in the contemporary debates about euthanasia which is posed by a case such as the terminally ill who are dying. The issue concerns the morality of mercy in aiding the dying patient. The question goes beyond simply withdrawing treatments. The issue is whether, in the name of mercy, one might morally aid someone's dying? "Are circumstances under which it is morally responsible to terminate a person, or does lovealways require resisting death through every means possible?" (Wickett, 109) Paul D. Simmons declares bluntly that "it is harder morally to justify letting somebody die a slow and ugly death, dehumanized, than it is to justify helping him to escape from such misery. (Samuel Gorovitz, 113) Some very prominent people are making packs with friends or relatives that specify that either will help the other die when life becomes desperate from pain or tragic accident. Families and physicians feel a variety of powerful emotions when dealing with a patient dying a slow and agonizing death. Certainly they wish that the pain were relieved and that health restored; that the patient not die but go on living and sharing concerns and joys together. "When the illness is terminal and there is no hope of relief or recovery, however, death is often desired for the patient as God's appointed way to relieve suffering." (Paul D. Simmons, 116) Mr. Sorestad, my junior high teacher, shared his experience at the death of his beloved wife after her prolonged battle with breast cancer. She had deteriorated physically and mentally practically beyond recognition. "I prayed for death," he had said, "because I loved her so much and could not bear to see her suffer so. And when death finally came, I thanked God for his good gift." She'd had enough, made her choice, and her choice was honored. But suppose that Mrs. Sorestad had asked her husband to help her die! He felt already that death was imminent and desirable. As a true Christian, he felt that death would be a merciful relief of pain and suffering. He was morally justified to act out his love for his wife by ending her suffering life in a painless manner. "The meaning of death, the morality of taking or ending life of one's own spouse or the "relationship of the person to the processes of nature and the activity of God in one's life." (Ann Wickett, 109) This issue raised concerns to doctors. Even the best doctors, given all the pressures that they must bear, could "benefit from more structured ways of remaining informed about how their efforts are viewed by their patients." (Samuel Gorovitz, 10) Importantly, it also heightened my curiosity about what it is like to be a physician c about what sorts of problems and pressures sustain their distance and separateness, and make it so hard for them to be open

Marie Sklodowska Curie - 1867 to 1934

Marie Sklodowska Curie - 1867 to 1934 Marie Curie is best known for discovering radium, yet she achieved many more accomplishments. Here is a brief biography of her claim to fame. Born November 7, 1867Warsaw, Poland Died July 4, 1934Sancellemoz, France Claim to Fame Radioactivity Research Notable Awards Nobel Prize in Physics (1903) [together with Henri Becquerel and her husband, Pierre Curie]Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1911) Summary of Accomplishments Marie Curie pioneered radioactivity research, She was the first two-time Nobel laureate and the only person to win the award in two different sciences (Linus Pauling won Chemistry and Peace). She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize. Marie Curie was the first female professor at the Sorbonne. More About Maria Sklodowska-Curie or Marie Curie Maria Sklodowska was the daughter of Polish schoolteachers. She took work as a teacher after her father lost his savings through a bad investment. She also participated in the nationalist â€Å"free university,† in which she read in Polish to women workers. She worked as a governess in Poland to support her older sister in Paris and eventually joined them there. She met and married Pierre Curie while she was studying science at the Sorbonne. They studied radioactive materials, particularly the ore pitchblende. On December 26, 1898, the Curies announced the existence of an unknown radioactive substance found in pitchblende that was more radioactive than uranium. Over the course of several years, Marie and Pierre processed tons of pitchblende, progressively concentrating the radioactive substances and eventually isolating the chloride salts (radium chloride was isolated on April 20, 1902). They discovered two new chemical elements. Polonium was named for Curies native country, Poland, and radium was named for its intense radioactivity. In 1903, Pierre Curie, Marie Curie, and Henri Becquerel were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel. This made Curie the first woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize. In 1911 Marie Curie was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element. The Curies did not patent the radium isolation process, choosing to let the scientific community freely continue research. Marie Curie died from aplastic anemia, almost certainly from unshielded exposure to hard radiation.

Wk 7 Forum- Business Statement and Mgmt Plan Assignment

Wk 7 Forum- Business Statement and Mgmt Plan - Assignment Example The company president responsible for the day to day running of the company directs business strategy and reports directly to the board. The various vice presidents and heads of departments directly supervise business activities in the various departments and units to ensure compliance to the long-term goals and vision. The key functions of personnel management, procurement, business activities, relations to the community and entire world are charged on the heads of departments who through the directors eventually report to the board. We prefer a collaborative style of management in which everyone participates and contributes to major decisions as well as those affecting them directly. Every person has the required authority to carry out their responsibilities and perform their work effectively. This way everyone feels appreciated as part of the company; has freedom to be creative and innovative and pressure comes from competition by peers to perform

Business Ethics Position Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Ethics Position Paper - Essay Example The first issue is regarding the working hours of employees in our supply chains. The study indicates that three of our supply chains allow their employees to work for more than 60 hours a week, thus allowing the employees not to utilize their day off. However, I would like to point out here that this is in blatant violation of the Supplier Requirements of the company. The Supplier Requirements point out that the maximum number of hours that can be allowed for an employee in a week is 40 hours (Article 25, Supplier Requirements). Yet another serious issue observed in the assessment was the compulsory overtime enforced by our suppliers. I would like to mention here that this is against the human right policies followed by the company in its entire operation. In addition, it is pointed out in the Supplier Requirements that all kinds of overtime should be strictly voluntary (Article 33, Supplier Requirements). The company has decided to take strict corrective steps in this regard. As yo u rightly know, Motorola is committed to the principles of the United Nations Global Compact in its labor issues. So, the company always upholds the principle that businesses should uphold the elimination of all forms of forced and compulsory labor (Motorola Corporate Responsibility Report 2011). Seeing these violations despite the company’s best efforts to ensure human rights in its entire operations is highly disappointing. ... OTOVOICE’ and it will provide the employees of the supplier chains a chance to raise their concerns and grievances in the workplace keeping anonymity. Most important of all, all the supply chains are required to take corrective measure within 2 months from hereof and duly inform the company. An additional inspection will be conducted by the company on receipt of this intimation. I would like to inform here that failure to meet this deadline would lead to the cancellation of the contract with the respective suppliers. I’m sure that you will take necessary steps in this regard to uphold the values and working culture of Motorola. Expecting your continuing cooperation, To : All the supply chain employee unions of Motorola From : (Name) Date : March 15, 2011 Re : The work environment in supplier chains – STR-CSCC assessment 2011 I am profoundly happy to see your support and cooperation in the company operations making the company a huge success in its operations. How ever, we are seriously saddened to see that some of our employees are denied the basic human rights as evident from the findings by the Specialized Technology Resources (STR) Cal-Safety Compliance (CSCC) in its 2011 assessment in our major supply chains. The issues found in the STR-CC assessment were as follows. The first issue is regarding the working hours of employees in our supply chains. The study indicates that three of our supply chains allow their employees to work for more than 60 hours a week, thus forcing the employees not to utilize their day off, in blatant violation of the Supplier Requirements of the company. The Supplier Requirements point out that the maximum number of hours that can be allowed for an employee in a week is 40 hours (Article 25, Supplier Requirements). Yet another serious

Safety Passport Scheme For Power Generation Sector Construction Essay

Safety Passport Scheme For Power Generation Sector Construction Essay Since the evolution of humans, people have been injured, maimed and killed during the course of their work right from carrying their work as hunters, to the modern day nuclear power plants. Implementation of health and safety practices dates back to the Hammurabi era (1780 BC), where death sentences were imposed to the builders who do not build it safer for the residents. As years passed, health and safety practices had good responses. It had many accidents, disasters and transformations to achieve a status of what health and safety practices mean to every industry now. Importance and awareness of health and safety practices among the workers are essential and also it is their right to have the information on health and safety practices. Before doing any work, one should know about the health and safety hazards in the work he does, to safeguard himself and those who work with him, he needs to be informed with the potential health and safety hazards in the environment. Health and safe ty practices became business and among many business models of health and safety practices, the model for informing and training an individual about the health and safety practices in the industry he/she works is Safety Passport Scheme. It is not just a business or a way for income, it became a business for the values it spread to the individuals who undergoes it. Health and safety at work is an area of management activity which, no matter how an organization perceives it, cannot be disregarded. Only professionals in health and safety can deliver the values to them. Health and safety became a subject of research where now we have even courses provided my many universities on health and safety practices. Safety Passport scheme generally is a passport for the individuals who hold it to enter the site they work for. A safety passport holder will have all the basic knowledge of the health and safety hazards around him and his colleagues and practices to follow in order to avoid them. A responsible manager on working site considers the safety passport as a way to have and ensure a safe environment in and around the site. Initially, safety passport schemes were developed generally which will apply to almost all industries. But as the technologies and methodologies changed drastically, specialisation and update was needed for the health and safety practices. In any sector, now only specialists are valued much. Gone are the days where people were looking for generic interests. In any field, only specialists are welcomed and recruited, specialists will have the deepest knowledge of that particular field they are involved with and they will excel in it. Though power generation sector falls under construction industry, it varies drastically from it. Technology, engineering, method of construction and erection of equipment, panels, testing and also hazards compared to the general construction industry, it has many potential hazards. In the research, I have done a market r esearch for a Safety Passport Scheme which is specially designed for the power generation sector by the health and safety specialists for the industry. The market research is conducted for United Kingdom. Report Background United Kingdom produces a total of 78,293MW of energy. As a single entity, British Energy is the market leader by producing 10,723MW of energy. Table below shows the market share of key players of power generation industry in UK. Major Players MW British Energy 10723 RWE Npower 10115 E.ON 9988.27 Scottish and southern energy 9176.4 Scottish power 6404 International power 4984 EDF 4928.4 Drax power 3945 Centrica 3530 Magnox 1622 Premier power 1156 Others 11720.93 Total 78293 The organizations have their own portfolio within their power production. Portfolios of power generation are decided by the fuel type they use for the production of electricity. Each fuel type has its own engineering process and construction, out of them few has similar engineering processes and construction only with minor changes, but they are regarded as same. So according to them, the categories I have decided are 1. Nuclear, 2. Hydro, 3. Combined Cycle Gas Turbine, 4. Coal/Oil/Gas, 5. Wind, 6. Others such as mine gas, poultry waste. According to the categories, the market share by fuel type is given in the table below. Fuel Type MW Coal/Gas/Oil 39298.3 CCGT 22091 Nuclear 10137 Hydro 4245.4 Wind 2297.6 Others 223.7 Total 78293 Out of the above categories, Nuclear does not support safety passport schemes and the safety passport scheme on which I am conducting the market research is not applicable to hydro power generation. I have identified the major players in other fuel categories for my research. In INDG381 the HSE (2003b) indicate that a safety passport training course should cover areas such as the hazards and risks that workers may face and how to identify them; having identified them what to do to either eliminate the hazard or control the risk; how to take steps to control the risks to themselves and others; where to find health and safety related information in connection with their job and how to follow a safe system of work. It is with this guidance in mind that the following reviews have been carried out. Construction Skills Certification Scheme (CSCS) CSCS was set up by the construction industry with the aims (amongst others) raising standards of health and safety to reduce risks and accidents throughout the industry (CSCS, 2007). The members of CSCS comprise employers trade bodies and Trade Unions including Construction Confederation; Federation of Master Builders; National Specialist Contractor Council; GMB Trade Union; Transport and General Workers Union; Union of Construction, Allied Trades and Technicians, Construction Industry Council. The holder of a CSCS card is in theory able to prove his training and by implication competence in the role he is undertaking. There are several categories of CSCS card visitor (to a construction site) trainee, construction site operative, experienced worker, skilled worker, supervisor, experienced manager, senior manager and professionally qualified person. The structure of the card system is, for the worker and supervisor section of the workforce, largely hierarchical. For example a construction site operative would be expected to, either through practical experience, induction or other training and under supervision carry out basic activities such as using relevant hand tools, using PPE, organising work, reporting of accidents and handling material and components using accepted and safe methods and procedures. To receive a skilled worker card, in addition to the requirements above, the applicant must be in possession of a National Vocational Qualification (NVQ) or Scottish Nation al Vocational Qualification (SNVQ); or have completed a a recognised trade or employer sponsored apprenticeship and completed a City and Guilds of London Institute Craft Certificate. The other standard requirement is that applicants for all cards must successfully pass a health and safety test. The basic test is of 30 minutes duration and, in addition to English is currently available in German, Lithuanian, Polish, Portuguese, Punjabi, Romanian, Russian and Welsh. There is no requirement for any pre-test training course. The basic core test contains à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦either 2 or 3 questions from each of the 15 Core sections with 40 questions in total (CITB, 2000).The core sections include accident prevention and reporting; health and welfare; manual handling; working at height; Personal Protective Equipment (PPE); emergency procedures and first aid; safe use of hazardous substances and are heavily biased towards traditional construction of the building site type. The publication CITB ( 2000) also covers some specialist areas these include supervisory and management; demolition; plumbing or gas; highway works; specialist working at height and lifts and escalators. Summary CSCS is heavily biased towards traditional construction and covers the hazards and risks involved with traditional construction work at a basic level. Only two of the specialist areas (supervisory and management and working at height) have any real relevance to power station outage work. There is little emphasis on behavioural aspects of safety Engineering Services Skillcard The Engineering Services Skillcard, created by the Heating and Ventilation Contractors Association (HVCA), is similar in concept and affiliated to the CSCS scheme it has the aim of registering à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the skills and competence of people working throughout the mechanical services sector of the building services engineering industry (HVCA, 2009). Accreditation in health and safety is achieved by undertaking the CSCS affiliated health and safety test. Other similar schemes affiliated to CSCS include Construction Plant Competence Scheme (CPCS0; Construction Industry Scaffolder Record Scheme (CISRS); Northern Ireland Construction Skills Register ((NI)CSR); Certificate of Competence of Demolition Operatives (CCDO); Joint Industry Board Electrotechnical Certification Scheme (ECS); Plumbing Mechanical Engineering Services scheme (PMES) and Joint Industry Board for Plumbing in Scotland and NI (SNI JIB Plumbing) Summary Skillcard is an extension of CSCS above with exactly the same health and safety content and requirements. The CISRS and ECS affiliated schemes may have some relevance to outage work in certain circumstances. Client Contractor National Safety Group (CCNSG) The aim of the CCNSG Safety Passport Scheme is to ensure a basic knowledge of health and safety for all site personnel to enable them, after appropriate site induction, to work on site more safely with lower risk to themselves and others (CCNSG, 2009). Membership of the CCNSG includes the Construction Industry Association (CIA), the Trades Unions and the Training Providers. The Group is chaired by a member elected from the Client Group. The CCNSG Secretary is provided by the Engineering Construction Industry Training Board (ECITB), the organisation who now manages the scheme. The CCNSG safety passport is differentiated from the CSCS (and other similar card schemes) in two main areas. It is a specific accredited two day training course followed by an end test and it is claimed that it is designed for the Engineering Construction Industry rather than the Construction Industry. However it is the clients on individual sites who specify which card or cards is or are acceptable as a demons tration of competency on their sites. The CCNSG National Course includes a wide spectrum of directly safety related training including Safe Behaviour at Work; Safe Place of Work; Confined Space Entry; Excavations; Permit to Work Systems Safe Use of Access Equipment Working at Heights; Site Transport; Protecting the Environment; Safe Lifting and Manual Handling; Safe Systems of Work; Asbestos; Hazardous Substances; The Lifting Equipment and Lifting Operations Regulations( LOLER); The provision and Use of Workplace Equipment Regulations (PUWER); Electricity; Isolation; Hand-Arm Vibration; Noise. Summary Training for the CCNSG passport is carried out by accredited (by the ECITB) independent organisations and its quality is open to being variable. The hazards and risks covered in the training are mainly focussed on construction but more aspects of the syllabus appear to apply to power station outage work and some aspects of behavioural safety are covered Assuring Competence in Engineering Construction (ACE) Closely allied to the CCNSG and also supported by the ECITB is the Assuring Competence in Engineering Construction (ACE) scheme. ACE is an industry initiative supported by all areas of engineering construction in the UK including, in addition to the ECITB, Contractors the Engineering Construction Industry Association (ECIA), the National Joint Council (NJCECI), the ECITB and the Trade Unions. The ECITB (2009) say that the aim of ACE is to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ensure that the competence of workers in the UK engineering construction industry is validated against National Occupational Standards in a flexible and cost effective way, with minimum disruption to ongoing productivity. Furthermore since June 2008 ACE has become affiliated to CSCS and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a joint Assurance in Competence in Engineering Construction (ACE) and CSCS card will be available to individuals who meet the competence and health and safety awareness requirements relevant to NVQ Level 3. (ECITB, 2009b).This involves reaching a competency level in standard health and safety modules involves having a working knowledge of health and safety legislation, hazards, safety reporting, first aid procedures and procedures for reporting. Working knowledge is described as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the minimum level of knowledge and understanding sufficient to perform your role in a manner that would normally be associated with the minimum acceptable performance of a competent person undertaking your role (ECITB, 2009c). Information from ACE (2009) indicates that the driver for the ACE scheme is that of technical competence validated by ECITB NVQ or SNVQ and this is currently available in a restricted number of engineering trade roles (e.g. welding and plating; [steel] erecting; mechanical fitting (including maintenance); pipefitting (including Instrument); electricians and rigging) Summary Although the main thrust of the ACE card is raising the skill levels in engineering construction in, currently a limited number of craft areas, the health and safety modules appear to have a closer synergy with outage work than other schemes. Behavioural aspects of safety are dealt with in the relevant health and safety modules. Basic Electrical Safety Competence (BESC) The BESC registration scheme is intended for anyone who carries out work either directly or indirectly on or near operational plant and equipment associated with the transmission and distribution of electricity. The scheme was developed by a task force of the Electricity Association Management Co-ordinating Committee (Distribution Transmission) with the assistance of the Electricity Company Training Managers and of the Electrical Training Association. The managers of the BESC scheme, Energy Utility Skills (EU Skills), label it as a workplace competency assessment and registration process, dealing with entering, moving around and exiting three specific work areas namely, substations, overhead lines; and underground cables. The basic safety requirements of the scheme are those relating to safe entry and exit, equipment identification, use of the correct PPE and carrying out of tasks in a safe manner. They are based on standards taken from the City Guilds N/SVQ awards and in particul ar specific relevant modules from the Electricity System Technology Engineering Support and Electricity System Technology Engineering awards. Summary BESC is specific specialist training and qualification directed towards electricity distribution companies and National Grid with specific reference to the hazards from working adjacent to live high voltage electricity equipment and so has limited relevance to power station outage work. The Safety Pass Alliance (SPA) Renewable Energy Sreenivasan et al (2003) portray the SPA as a UK organisation whose objective is to design and implement Safety Passport Training Schemes, delivered through accredited training providers and committed to providing a nationally recognised standard of health and safety training. SPA passports comprise a core section along with an industry sector specific section. To obtain acceptance into any additional sectors the holder of a current passport would need to attend the appropriate sector specific training session to upgrade it. Sectors with specific modules include industrial utilities, building maintenance food and drink, renewable energy, ports and shipping, quarries and pharmaceutical. The core health and safety training covers the following areas Organising for safety (health and safety law, responsibilities and risk assessment); the workplace (Including safe behaviour, welfare, and access and egress); plant and machinery (including tools, electricity and workplace transport); heal th (including PPE, COSHH, musculoskeletal problems); procedures (fire and first aid) and the environment. One of additional industry specific modules is the Renewable energy which focuses on those issues of particular concern for those who work within the renewable energy. This course comprises of nine modules: Workplace risk, Licenses permits and passes, Plant and equipment, Explosive atmospheres, Environment, Electricity, Working at height, Occupational health, Personal Safety (Safety Pass Alliance, 2010). Summary assuming that the relevant Renewable energy module is undertaken this offers the prospect of a close match of relevance to outage work but it is little used within Generation currently. The only client for this is ATKINS and Atkins was involved in designing this course. Some aspects of behavioural safety are addressed in the core health and safety training module. The European Dimension There have been an increasing number of non UK nationals working in the UK, figures from the Statistics Commission (2009) indicate that there were 2 million foreign nationals of working age in the UK in 2007out of a total working age population of 27.2 million. Generation has seen increased incidences of foreign workers on sites during outages and because of this the landscape of competence assessment schemes is infinitely more complex. In addition to foreign language versions of the CCNSG safety passport, currently offered in the UK in Polish and Portuguese amongst others there are several similar passport schemes existing in other EU member states including Health and Environment Checklist Contractors (SCC) in the Netherlands, FAS Safe Pass Health and Safety Awareness in Eire and the Occupational Safety Card in Finland. Both the latter are the national equivalents of CSCS. In the review of safety passport schemes Sreenivasan et al (2003) explains that although originally intended f or the petro-chemical and pharmaceutical associated industries in the Netherlands, SCC covers a range of other industries involved in hazardous work including construction and civil works. The scheme is now widespread across Belgium, France, Germany, and Austria and can be used without restrictions in Belgium and the Netherlands. The SCC qualification has the basic elements that broadly cover the contents of the CCNSG syllabus. The SCC has recognised, however, that there is a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦wide variation and an (excessively) wide bandwidth in the exams set by the various examination bodiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [possibly due]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦to the excessively vague definition of the attainment targets (SCC, 2003). Included in this is a reference to Romiszowskis taxonomy that discriminates between knowledge (knowing something) and skills (being able to do something). Included within the attainment targets are the requirements to cover both these aspects of competence. Summary The SCC process does recognise that competence in health and safety does include more than the successful completion of a training package and although one of the target industry sectors petro-chemical has similarities with the Generation business, there is little evidence of the particular qualification having been used to any great extent within the UK. Advantages and Disadvantages of Safety Accreditation Schemes There are advantages and disadvantages to all accreditation/passport schemes discussed by Sreenivasan et al (2003). Advantages include the possession of a safety passport gives readily available evidence that the contractor has some form of basic health and safety training. A passport shows that a worker has up-to-date basic health and safety or health, safety and environment awareness training (HSE, 2003b) what they crucially do not do is demonstrate a way of knowing or identifying that a worker is competent (HSE, 2003b).Furthermore they are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ generally not designed to correct the major faults in competence or diligence that usually result in the major accidents à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Sreenivasan et al, 2003). A recognised widespread scheme with a standard syllabus and acceptable attainment standards does however give some modicum of standardisation across an industry or an industry sector. The possession of a passport takes the form of a credit card-sized plastic card, usu ally with the employees name, photograph and identification number. If this is accompanied by a centrally held database directly accessible by subscribers it is a straightforward way of ensuring a passports validity. Finally passports do provide the contract company with a demonstration and audit trail that they are providing some of the suitable and sufficient training required by health and safety legislation. One of the main disadvantages of all accreditation and passport schemes is their financial implications in terms of training cost and lost productive time. These may well be able to be absorbed by a large company as part of its training budget but may well become a burden for both SMEs and individuals who act as freelance contractors. For businesses some of the costs may be able to be off set by grants (for example from the CITB Construction Skills levy) and a demonstration that most of a companys staff are in possession of a recognised safety accreditation may result in inc reased business. Additionally, although there is no empirical evidence to substantiate this, there is the possibility that there is a financial pressure on the accredited training provider to provide evidence of his worth and doing this by ensuring that he has an acceptable success rate in the assessment from his candidates. Aims and Objectives The report analyses the market for safety passport scheme for the power generation sector. The main aims of this market research are To provide evidence based approach for the acceptance of Safety Passport Scheme designed for power sector in UK. To capture the perceptions, opinions and aspirations of the potential target consumer market in relation to the safety passport scheme for the power sector in UK. Objectives were to identify Current schemes available and accepted. Which ones are most popular and why. Report on size of potential market in UK for a power generation specific safety passport scheme. Research into whether a sector specific passport would be accepted by Power Generators and associated contractors; specifically aimed at benefits and possible demerits. Confirm that an Institution of Occupational Safety and Health (IOSH) scheme will have widespread acceptance. Research current pricing and if new scheme were developed what price should be set to achieve the Return on Investment. Review on how to roll this project out sustainably, assuming that new scheme is acceptable own resources, licensing to other providers to propose alternatives. Definitions Senior Executives The group consists of Directors of power generation organizations, managing directors of power generation organizations, and Senior Health and Safety professionals with massive experience in Health and Safety practices. Plant Managers The group consists of Health and Safety professionals responsible for power plants, and directors of power plants. Contractors The group consists of Managers of the construction contractors firms, Health and Safety directors of the firm, and Health and Safety managers. For current Schemes and their popularity Interviewed people from IOSH, ECITB, CCNSG, SPA, UKCG, CIC, and questionnaires distributed among contractors and plant managers. Potential Market in UK The market for safety passport scheme for power sector is the workers of the contractors who work for power generation industry. Data obtained from Office of National Statistics (ONS), UK. Acceptance of sector specific passport scheme with IOSHs accreditation For Power Sector Questionnaire distributed among senior executives, plant managers and contractors. Study of the environment by looking through variables like Regulation, News from power generators, Interview with health and safety professionals who had massive experience in the field, Political views, News from national skills academy of power. Economic patterns on Health and Safety spending Current Pricing Schemes Interviewed people from SPA, CCNSG/ECITB, CSCS, etc., including training providers Review on how to roll this project sustainably References from services marketing cases Market research for the Safety Passport Scheme was conducted during the period when the halted constructions of new power plants due to the recession for the past two years resumed their work. Spending was stopped during the recession on construction projects. The construction industry was overcoming the recession where the contribution of construction industry towards GDP of the country was increasing again. After a series of job cuts and cost cutting processes, the employment rate of construction industry had a significant increase during the period. Economic Trends Cost-cutting programmes, internationalization, commercial principles, shareholder value and sustainability, In all high value bids, safety is given more importance than bids of low value (Amec takes central role in  £20bn nuclear programme., 2009). Market Size Market for Safety Passport Scheme for power generation sector is the construction workers who work for the power generation industry. More than one million people are employed for the construction industry (Construction workers, 2008). Industry Structure Spending on health and safety Contractors fear that after years of improvements in health and safety standards, it could be undone if power generation organizations exploit the recession to drive down the construction costs. If power generation organizations force below-cost bidding, contractors could go backwards in health and safety standards. Power generation organizations could get really cheap prices but something has to give, they cannot expect contractors to come up with rock-bottom prices and then expect fantastic safety standards (Cheap deals could hit safety, warn contractors., 2009). Safety director of EDF said that contractors chosen to deliver EDFs new build schemes are expected to be productive, modern site committed to safety. The statement proves that power generation organizations are committed to Health and Safety practices. The construction director at EDF also announced that he is willing to help the suppliers to improve its safety competence (Power station sites face tight surveillance., 2009). In a statement released by UK Contractors group, they have agreed that Safety Passports cut risks in contract work (Safety passport cuts risks in contract work., 2009). Market Position Key Trends Speaking to media on EDFs  £20bn new build nuclear programme in UK, chief executive Vincent de Rivaz told that EDF is committed to safety. And it will maximise the opportunities for the UK supply chain. When issuing the civil packages to Laing ORourke, Costain and Carillion, De Rivaz confirmed them that EDFs commitment to safety and quality assurance is absolute. And he wanted to work with the partners who too are committed to safety. He also mentioned that the suppliers too will be expected to meet tough productivity and skills training targets (Safety first for EDFs nuclear contractors, 2009). Institution of Occupational Safety and Health (IOSH) has claimed that nearly one out of every 10 UK businesses has slashed its health and safety budget because of recession. IOSH also found out that for most companies, health and safety is not the first budget on the chopping block. Contradicting the above stated facts, IOSH found out that emphasis on the need of health and safety practices among employers and staff work more closely together to minimise risks with business leaders in particular needing to ensure that corners are not cut out during economic times (Paton, UK reduces budgets for health and safety, 2009). Key Associations DRETS Analysis Demographic factors Population growth growth of number of employees, increase in the number of households, better education, Regulatory factors Political and legal factors learnings of the government in power, shift of regulatory power IOSH said that falling foul of tough new safety regulations could spell the end for firms already struggling with the economic downturn. It also warned that companies that play at health and safety practices, or firms that fail to provide a safe environment for staff, could face the prospect of incurring increased financial penalties. As per the new law which is effective from 16 January, maximum fine for minor breaches are from  £5,000 to  £20,000 and also pave the way for prison sentences of up to two years for individuals found guilty of health and safety breaches (Pitcher, 2009). Economic factors Contribution to Gross national product of the industry, changes in consumers income, changing expenditure patterns, countrys change of economic development, inflation, Looking for balance, confident and living well, at ease, overwhelmed. Technological factors Integration of technology with the service, impact of e-business and m-business Social factors Prevailing values, traditions, trends in society these tendencies are influenced by the above four factors. Individualism and rising customer expectation, the need of the groups, interest in health, time usage and energy expenditure, Competitive Structure The Marketplace Market Leaders Marketing Activity SWOT Analysis Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats The Future Influence In 2002 when contractors are asked to increase company reporting on health and safety performance in the annual reports, just 103 of the countrys top 350 contractors have accepted the challenge. Out of them only the following five are top-10 contractors, Balfour Beatty, AMEC, Carillion, Skanska and Mowlem. HSC had asked the companies to put health and safety at the top of the agenda, but thats not the case in reality. It also found that, unless the decision makers know of the advantages to the bottom line of their organization, there will be no changes. HSC chairman Bill Callaghan also mentioned that the industry has a role to play and it is through shared experience and a change of culture that the sharing will happen (Pearman, No business case for safety stats, 2002). Forecasts Sector Trends Civil contractors are gearing up to bid for multi-million pound frameworks as part of the  £50bn nuclear power plant decommissioning programme now being rolled out across the UK. Last week, the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) took control of the countrys 20 nuclear power plan

Description of business Essay

This entrepreneur will be opening a new business which will operate as a sole trader. The name of this business is CJ’s Seafood joint.CJ’s Seafood joint will operate under the logo â€Å"Come have a mouthful of flavor. Operating as a sole trader would mean that the entrepreneur would make all the descions himself but would also have to carry the responsibilities for himself. The main aim of the business is to have every customer who comes comes through our doors impressed by CJ’s and will be excited to come again,also to create and maintain a surrounding that is comprehensive and exceptional in its attention to every detail of operation.The entrepreneur also wishes to provide a friendly, cooperative and rewarding environment which encourages longterm, satisfying, growth employment.To keep the concept fresh,exciting and on the cutting edge of the hospitality industry. The business will be opened on weekdays 8:00 am to 10:30pm,weekends,9:00 am to 11:30 pm also on public holidays. CJ’s is opened to a variety of different persons and age groups.It would be coveinienient to persons who are working long hours and so does not have the time to prepare a proper meal or even a family who is just looking for somewhere nice and beautiful to have dinner.CJ’s will also serve an as accommodation for catering at dinners,weddings and any other events. Justification of location CJ’s seafood joint will be loctated in Kingston at Ann’s Bay near the sea.The business will do exceptionally well at this location because of its proximity from the sea.Being located near the sea would mean that the raw materials needed for the running of the business would cost less money to transport the raw materials to the business.Also the business will have a dependable source of material this means there will never be a scarcity in production. Secondly, beach scenery would also serve as an attraction for both local and international customers,especially the tourist from which foreign exchange would be gained which means more profits for the business.A beautiful beach scenery would provide a relaxed and calm environment which would entise the customers into returning again and having a god reputation would mean more customers thus more profits. Selection of appropriate labour For this business to be ran successfully,the entrepreneur will need to employ both skilled and skilled workers.The skilled workers in this business will consist of: Two Chefs and one executive chef.These persons will be incharge of the preparation and meal planning of all the sophisticated menus and introducing new ideas which will motivate the customers in returning. 2 Bartenders.These persons would be incharge of making refresging beverages and liquors according to the customers preference. The business will also need 5 Cashiers.They will be incharge of the money made on a daily basis and will play a part in the monitoring of the business’s financial transactions and data. In this business the unskilled are just as important as the skilled workers as they play a vital role in the successful running of the business.The skilled will consist of: 10 Janitors.They will be incharge of the proper maintenance and sanitation of the premises which will give the business a good reputation for its emmaculate maintenance . 4 waiters and 4 waitresses. They will be responsible for satisfying the customers requirements and should try to meet all of them with no animosity and should be patient in dealing with their problems. 10 fishermen.They will be responsible for going out to sea and ensuring that the sea animals needed by the business is always on time and of good quality. Sources of fixed and working capital The business will need both working and fixed capital.The two sources of fixed capital to be used by the business are: A loan of US $300,000 from the National Commercial Bank, to be secured with a mortgage on the entrepreneurs home,which would go towards: the purchasing of new equipement renovating and upgrading the premisis purchasing of more delivery vehicles The second source will be: personnal savings of the entrepreneur of US$10,000 from the Jamaica Mutual Bank which will be used to do the same as the things listed above. The two sources of working capital will be a loan from the bank and personal savings of the entrepreneur .This money will contribute towards: paying salaries paying utility bills pay rent on the premises The money borrowed from the bank will be repaid from the profits accumulated during a period of 10 years of successful business management. Role of entrepreneur The entrepreneur is one who organizes the factors of production to create goods and services. The most suitable location, qualified workers, and the right equipment and machinery will ensure efficient production. It is therefore important for him to make the right decisions concerning the employment of the required resources for his business. He must also make decisions on systems and processes to be applied in the production process.An entrepreneur has many roles/responsibility, three of which are: PLANNING Planning is very important to every venture. It is more important to the entrepreneur’s venture because of the uncertainty of success and less room to make mistake. The entrepreneur’s focus is on the execution side and how to get the product to the market in the shortest amount of time so as to start earning revenue. OPERATING This is where the entrepreneur starts putting all its business ideas into place .He analyzes his ideas and sees if they are going according to planned. Conceptualizing This is where the entrepreneur gains an understanding of the business and what he hopes it will be, Production The action of making or manufacturing from components or raw materials, or the process of being so manufactured.There are three types of production.They include: Primary Production This includes all kinds of extractive industries such as agriculture, mining and fishing. Secondary Production This includes manufacturing such as assembling, refining and construction (building) industries. Tertiary Production This includes all kinds of service industries such as transportation, communication and tourism. The type of production used in the business is primary production.The fishes and other sea animals are extracted from the sea to be made in a finished product to be enjoyed by thousands of customers. Levels of production Production is the action of making or manufacturing from components or raw materials, or the process of being so manufactured.There are three levels of production.These include Subsistence This is the lowest level of production. Subsistence productions refers to output from the production process that is just enough for the survival. This amount of production is therefore not adequate to meet all needs and wants of a family, community or a country. For example, subsistence farming involves the production of crops to feed the family and for survival. Wealth is not created as whatever is produced is consumed. Domestic Production Domestic production refers to production that is more than survival level. It provides output that is enough to satisfy domestic needs and wants. Excess is not available for export. However, production is adequate to supply local demand. Surplus or Export This level of production is adequate to supply local demand and for export. Large industries can produce large quantities of output to satisfy local consumption and earn foreign exchange from export, for example, the sugar and banana industries. The type of production used by CJ’s Seafood Joint is domestic production.The business provides mostly for the local market.There is sufficient demand locally to absorb all the produce. Quality control measures The entrepreneur will make a daily report on the problems or difficulties face on a daily business and implement measures to correct them. The entrepreneur will also be responsible for inspecting the goods carried in on a daily basis to make sure that they are up to standard and are suitable for consumption. Technology In today’s world technology has become one of the fastest advancements.In CJ’s Seafood Joint it will play a vital part in its day to day running. Two types of technology used by the business are a refrigerator and a computer. The refrigerator is responsible for the preservation of foods and beverages.Without the refrigerators,items will start to them rottening resulting in a loss of money and customers due to a bad reputation of rotted foods The computers is most important as it contains all the business’s transactions and data.It provides order and allows information to be accessed easily,without the availability of computers everything will be chaotic. Potential for growth Internally We will be able to expand our initial operation by 80% by our 7th year, however expanding would mean a larger premisis which would require us to go elsewhere for the business to be successful in all its different aspects.We would need to buy additional delivery vehicles also an addition of ten (10) members of staff to share the extra work load.The business would have to move to a similar locatiom,near the sea, so as to not make things difficult in the purchasing and transporting of foods Externally If we can acquire a good record,we might be able to expand internationally,allowing us to open branches in different countries turning CJ’s into a multi-national business .The business would so make more money and foreign exchange,also more exposure for the business. Linkages The business turns raw materials into a delicious produce to be consumed by our customers. Having a backward linkage helps the business in that there is a reduced dependence on imported goods since local suppliers provide the raw materials for the producers.The linkage will allow the business to source fresh produce,to minimize delivery time and transport costs and to maintain a close relationship with the product suppliers to ensure product quality. Government Regulations The business must apply to the Commissioner of Taxes to be a registered taxpayer, the business will earn atleast at least JMD 2,000,000. The application for GCT registration must be submitted within 21 days after taxable activity has started. A temporary GCT certificate will be issued to the company upon receipt of the application for GCT. Documents to be submitted are the following: 1. Completed application for TRN Number Organisations 2. NIS number confirming that the company is not yet liable to National Insurance. 3. Certified copy of Articles of Incorporation 4. Authorisation letter if the TRN application is being made by a third party. The business will be affected by the health and safety regulations ,particulary with regard to oil spills.The entrepreneur must be familiar with all legal requirements for occupational health and safety,and must ensure full compliance. Ethical Issues CJ’s will make the aspect of ethical issues priority as it relates to the development of the business. CJ’S Cuisine will endeavour to do its best in not to be involved in ignoring health, safety and environmental standards. The business will ensure that all these aspects meet the necessary requirement in order to avoid instances such as food poisoning .we will aim to meet a good nutritional standard for all meals,with a balance of proteins and other requirements.